Quercus pubescens Willd.

South, Center and West Europe; West Asia; the Caucasus, 400-1500 m;

15-20 m, trunk to 1 m in diameter, short, twisted; crown open, rounded;

4-10 (-16) cm x 3.5-5 cm; oblong-oboval; apex rounded or slightly crenate; base cordate or truncate, narrow; margin undulate, with 4-8 pairs of rounded lobes and deep sinuses; pale green, slightly hairy above (uniseriate, solitary and fasciculate trichomes); grey green, pubescent beneath (fascicled hairs, some uniseriate ones, stigmas strongly convered with wax); young leaves pubescent on both faces; 5-8 pairs of secondary veins, prominent beneath; tertiary veins evident;  petiole hairy 0.7-1.2 cm long;

April-May; male catkins abundant, tomentose, 5-10 cm long; male flowers with pale yellow, glabrous anthers; female flowers with 3-4(5) styles and narrow stigmas;

acorn 1-3 cm; sessile or on a short, tomentose peduncle; enclosed 1/3 by cup; basal scar slightly convex, stylopodium pubescent; cup with appressed, grey pubescent scales; maturing in 1 year;

hardy; prefers warm places, calcareous soils; fast-growing;

– A. Camus : n° 162 ; – Sub-genus Quercus, Section Quercus, Series Roburoid. – The term “ undulata “ inspired numerous Authors ! One can list the following : Q.undulata Engelm 1878 (= Q.sinuata Walt.), Q.undulata Kit.1863 (= Q.pubescens Willd.), Q.undulata Benth. 1841 (= Q.benthamii A.DC), Q.undulata K.Koch 1847 (= Q.lusitanica Lam.), Q.undulata Torr 1827 (= Q.x undulata complex Little 1979), Q.undulata Sarg., and A.DC ( describing more or less Q.x pauciloba …), Q.undulata S. Wats. (= Q.gambelii Nutt.) ; So it is better to give up with it! The same for the term “ humilis “: Q.humilis Lam. = Q.lusitanica Lam. Q.humilis DC = Q.pyrenaica Willd. Q.humilis Walt. = Q.pumila Walt. Q.humilis Mill. = Q.pubescens Willd. And also the same for the term “ lanuginosa “: Q.lanuginosa Lam. = Q.cerris L. Q.lanuginosa (Lam.) Thuill. = Q.pubescens Willd. Q.lanuginosa Franch. = Q.franchetii Skan Q.lanuginosa Beck = Q.robur L. Q.lanuginosa D.Don = Q.lanata Sm in Rees – The natural hybrids of Q. pubescens are : Q. x albescens , Q. x allorgeana , Q. x baenitzii , Q. x firmurensis , Q. x kerneri , Q. x paui , Q. x streimii , Q. x subglaucescens – OOTW reports hybrid: Q. × barcarrotensis (Q. petraea subsp. huguetiana × Q. pubescens × Q. robur) [complex triple hybrid] – OOTW reports hybrid: Q. × budensis (Q. pubescens × Q. virgiliana) – OOTW reports hybrid: Q. × thellungii (Q. pubescens × Q. robur × Q. petraea) [syn. Q. × helvetica; complex triple hybrid]